Evaporation is a process of removal water from liquid foods which concentrated liquid products. Advantages of evaporated liquids are longer shelf life, decreased volume and weight, easier for transportation, less changes during prolonged storage and smaller storage space. These are due to removal of water decreasing the volume and weight of liquids and thus inhibition of microorganisms growth.
Two types of evaporator used which are plate evaporator and falling film evaporator. Advantages of plate evaporator are relatively low capital cost, high operating efficiency, easily control plant, permits fully automatic operation, can handle more viscous liquids and best suited for highly sensitive products. The advantages of falling film evaporator are operations can be at lower temperature, lower energy consumption, easily maintenance and simple construction of the plant.
Sweetened condensed milk is the concentrated milk where sugars added as preservative, sweetener and thickener. It contains around 8%fat, 45%sugar an 20% solid-non-fat. Sugar can effectively increase the osmotic pressure of products, hold the water and thus prevent microbial spoilage. Sugar is a natural sweetener where it imparts sweetness. By adding in sugar, it acts as thickener to provide a desirable viscosity and improve the solubility if lactose.
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